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Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.
In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.
Syntax
The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.
General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.
Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences.
The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology.
Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.
P （）refers to the realization of langue in actual use.
Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.